TECHNICAL PROGRAMME | Energy Fuels and Molecules – Future Pathways
Fueling the Future: Innovations & Strategies for Tomorrow’s Electricity Supply
Forum 13 | Digital Poster Plaza 3
28
April
10:00
12:00
UTC+3
As the world transitions to a lower carbon energy future, the electricity supply system is undergoing significant changes. This session will explore the key trends, technologies, and challenges in ensuring a reliable and sustainable electricity supply. Topics will include renewable energy integration, advancements in grid technology, energy storage solutions, and the role of emerging technologies like hydrogen and CCS. The session will look at how different energy sources and technologies can work together to fuel the future of electricity.
The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions necessitates innovative approaches to waste management and energy generation. This abstract presents the application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a transformative technology for producing renewable energy while treating oil and petrochemical wastewater. MFCs harness the metabolic processes of microorganisms to convert organic pollutants into electricity, effectively addressing the dual challenge of wastewater treatment and renewable energy generation. This study highlights the technical advancements in MFC design, including innovations in electrode materials and microbial consortia selection that enhance energy output and degradation efficiency of complex petrochemical compounds. Moreover, this session will explore the economic viability of integrating MFCs into existing wastewater management systems, emphasizing their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional energy production methods. By optimizing feedstock utilization through MFCs, we can transition towards a more sustainable energy paradigm that not only mitigates environmental impacts but also enhances resource recovery from industrial operations. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary research in advancing biofuel technologies and promoting the adoption of microbial fuel cells as a key player in the renewable energy landscape.
We utilized a dual-chambered MFC equipped with a photosynthetic cathode that features innovative photocatalytic surfaces aimed at optimizing light absorption and boosting microbial activity. Our experiments explored different light exposure conditions, including continuous illumination and alternating light/dark cycles, to assess their impact on power generation and wastewater treatment efficiency. Initial results reveal a significant increase in maximum power density, showing up to a 30% improvement compared to conventional MFC designs, which can be linked to enhanced oxygen production from the photocatalytic processes.
We utilized a dual-chambered MFC equipped with a photosynthetic cathode that features innovative photocatalytic surfaces aimed at optimizing light absorption and boosting microbial activity. Our experiments explored different light exposure conditions, including continuous illumination and alternating light/dark cycles, to assess their impact on power generation and wastewater treatment efficiency. Initial results reveal a significant increase in maximum power density, showing up to a 30% improvement compared to conventional MFC designs, which can be linked to enhanced oxygen production from the photocatalytic processes.
In response to the growing demand for high-power, low-temperature tolerant, long-life, and high-safety electrochemical energy storage systems at oilfield well sites in the oil and gas industry, this research explores novel distributed electrochemical energy storage technologies. In the field of lithium titanate (LTO) batteries, internationally advanced high-performance LTO anode materials have been developed. Pilot-scale production of independently developed LTO materials was successfully completed, leading to the manufacture of two types of LTO cells (18650 and 60138 models). Based on these LTO cells and corresponding module products, a 100 kWh skid-mounted energy storage container was developed. A multi-hundred-kilowatt-hour-level energy storage system was deployed to demonstrate photovoltaic energy storage for oilfield power consumption, significantly increasing the renewable energy penetration rate. In the area of aqueous zinc-ion batteries, high-energy and high-power-density cathode materials were developed. A gradient fluorinated alloy 3D framework coating technology was established, greatly enhancing the cycling stability of the zinc anode, with performance reaching internationally advanced levels. Pilot-scale amplification using industrial-grade raw materials was carried out, producing highly stable aqueous zinc-based battery cells. A 100 kWh containerized system was integrated and deployed in an oilfield, representing China’s first demonstration of an aqueous zinc-based energy storage system. For sodium-ion batteries, a high-voltage, long-life NCMT-Mg cathode material was developed, along with a carbon-free anode material exhibiting extended cycle life and world-class performance. Pilot-scale production of the cathode material via a physical method was completed, and a full manufacturing process for sodium-ion battery cells was established. A multi-hundred-kilowatt-hour sodium-ion battery energy storage system was integrated and deployed at Yumen Oilfield for high-altitude low-temperature demonstration applications. Additionally, in the area of oilfield microgrid equipment and energy management software, a controller suitable for oilfield smart microgrids was developed, alongside intelligent microgrid scheduling algorithms and software. A demonstration project of a smart microgrid integrating multiple energy sources and loads was successfully implemented in an oilfield.
Co-author/s:
Shengchi Bai, Senior Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Kang Wang, Senior Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Rui Yang, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Wen Wen, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Yiheng Li, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Lin Zhang, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Co-author/s:
Shengchi Bai, Senior Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Kang Wang, Senior Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Rui Yang, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Wen Wen, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Yiheng Li, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Lin Zhang, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
In alignment with global energy transition trends and Iran’s national strategy to diversify its energy portfolio beyond its heavy reliance on natural gas (~85% for power generation), this study presents a comprehensive techno-economic feasibility analysis for the development of a utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) plant by Nouri Petrochemical Company, a major entity in Iran’s oil and gas sector. The project explores the viability of establishing a 100 MW or 200 MW solar facility as a strategic move towards sustainable energy management, operational resilience, and corporate social responsibility.
The methodology involved a multi-faceted approach. A rigorous site selection process was conducted using a weighted multi-criteria analysis, evaluating geographical, climatic, and infrastructural parameters across several candidate locations, ultimately identifying the Khor region in Lar, Fars province, as the optimal site due to its high Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), land availability, and proximity to grid infrastructure. Technical performance was simulated using PVSyst software, projecting the net energy injection to the grid for both 100 MW and 200 MW capacities.
Financial viability was meticulously modeled using COMFAR III Expert software under three distinct scenarios, with the most realistic model incorporating a hybrid of foreign currency (Euro) for imported equipment (panels, inverters) and local currency (Rial) for domestic costs and revenues. Revenue streams were based on selling electricity on the Iran Energy Exchange’s (IRENEX) Green Electricity Board, a market-based mechanism that de-risks investment.
The results confirm the project’s robust financial attractiveness. The optimal configuration—a 200 MW plant in the Khor region—yields an exceptional Internal Rate of Return on Equity (IRRE) of 61.26% and a Net Present Value (NPV) of approximately 20.6 trillion IRR, with a discounted payback period of just over 4 years, inclusive of the two-year construction phase. A key enabler for this strong performance is a policy allowing the use of the company’s export-generated foreign currency to procure equipment, significantly optimizing capital expenditure. Beyond financial returns, the 200 MW plant is projected to save 110 million liters of fossil fuels annually and create approximately 250 direct and indirect jobs.
This study concludes that integrating large-scale solar PV generation is not only technically feasible but also a highly profitable and strategic investment for actors in the fossil fuel industry. It serves as a replicable model for leveraging corporate financial strength and export capabilities to accelerate the energy transition, enhance national energy security, and achieve significant environmental and social co-benefits.
Co-author/s:
Hamid Rajaei, Head of product development, Technology and Innovation Department, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
Sajjad Keshavarz, Head of localization and new technologies, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
Dr. Sayyed Hamid Esmaeili-Faraj, Development Researcher, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
The methodology involved a multi-faceted approach. A rigorous site selection process was conducted using a weighted multi-criteria analysis, evaluating geographical, climatic, and infrastructural parameters across several candidate locations, ultimately identifying the Khor region in Lar, Fars province, as the optimal site due to its high Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), land availability, and proximity to grid infrastructure. Technical performance was simulated using PVSyst software, projecting the net energy injection to the grid for both 100 MW and 200 MW capacities.
Financial viability was meticulously modeled using COMFAR III Expert software under three distinct scenarios, with the most realistic model incorporating a hybrid of foreign currency (Euro) for imported equipment (panels, inverters) and local currency (Rial) for domestic costs and revenues. Revenue streams were based on selling electricity on the Iran Energy Exchange’s (IRENEX) Green Electricity Board, a market-based mechanism that de-risks investment.
The results confirm the project’s robust financial attractiveness. The optimal configuration—a 200 MW plant in the Khor region—yields an exceptional Internal Rate of Return on Equity (IRRE) of 61.26% and a Net Present Value (NPV) of approximately 20.6 trillion IRR, with a discounted payback period of just over 4 years, inclusive of the two-year construction phase. A key enabler for this strong performance is a policy allowing the use of the company’s export-generated foreign currency to procure equipment, significantly optimizing capital expenditure. Beyond financial returns, the 200 MW plant is projected to save 110 million liters of fossil fuels annually and create approximately 250 direct and indirect jobs.
This study concludes that integrating large-scale solar PV generation is not only technically feasible but also a highly profitable and strategic investment for actors in the fossil fuel industry. It serves as a replicable model for leveraging corporate financial strength and export capabilities to accelerate the energy transition, enhance national energy security, and achieve significant environmental and social co-benefits.
Co-author/s:
Hamid Rajaei, Head of product development, Technology and Innovation Department, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
Sajjad Keshavarz, Head of localization and new technologies, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
Dr. Sayyed Hamid Esmaeili-Faraj, Development Researcher, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
Environmental degradation in the Middle East is worsening due to global warming, reduced rainfall, and ecosystem loss. The Caspian Sea, with its sensitive southern coastline and Hyrcanian forests, faces increasing threats. Pollution from thermal power plants, combined with vegetation destruction during facility construction, underscores the urgent need for sustainable and environmentally responsible alternative energy strategies. َAlso, the Caspian Sea is recognized as a basin with abundant hydrocarbon resources. Several international working groups such as the South Caspian Study Group (including Shell, Lazmo, and Veba) and the Strategic Master Development Plan have identified prospective offshore gas structures in the South Caspian, primarily in deepwater areas. Two key examples are a nearshore prospect (A), located 22km from the coast , and a far-offshore prospect (B), 120km from the coast.
This study evaluates the economic feasibility of a novel offshore gas-to-power scheme. In this approach, gas and condensate are produced from deepwater reservoirs and processed on a floating production, storage, and offloading unit. Unlike conventional methods where products are piped onshore and combusted in ground-based thermal plants, in this approach the produced gas is processed offshore and utilized in advanced power cycles on board a VLCC-class FPSO. The generated electricity is transmitted to shore via High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) or High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) transmission cables, depending on the distance to the coast.
Three FPSO-based power generation scenarios were proposed and analyzed:
In this research, the three scenarios were also simulated at a conceptual level, and their feasibility was assessed using Aspen HYSYS v14 software.
The generated power for each process has been calculated as follows, based on an equal feed gas flow rate:
GT: 287 MW
Combined Cycle (GT + Steam turbine): 467 MW
Combined Cycle (GT+ Supercritical Co2): 600 MW
Modeling was performed using Questor 2023Q3, with project parameters calibrated to Caspian conditions. The economic results highlight strong potential in both prospects. Based on efficiency, project profitability, compact equipment footprint, and a faster break-even point, the supercritical CO₂ combined cycle scenario in prospect-B was selected as the most suitable option for implementation.
Net Present Value at 8% discount rate
prospect-A (GT:353 million USD; Combined Cycle-CCGT:1505 million USD; Combined Cycle-GT+sCo2:2392 million USD)
prospect-B(GT:-1241 million USD; Combined Cycle-CCGT:323 million USD; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂:1364 million USD)
Also, break-even points for these two structures is as follows:
prospect-A (GT:2043; Combined Cycle-CCGT:2036; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂: 2034)
prospect-B (GT: not available; Combined Cycle-CCGT:2040; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂:2048)
This study evaluates the economic feasibility of a novel offshore gas-to-power scheme. In this approach, gas and condensate are produced from deepwater reservoirs and processed on a floating production, storage, and offloading unit. Unlike conventional methods where products are piped onshore and combusted in ground-based thermal plants, in this approach the produced gas is processed offshore and utilized in advanced power cycles on board a VLCC-class FPSO. The generated electricity is transmitted to shore via High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) or High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) transmission cables, depending on the distance to the coast.
Three FPSO-based power generation scenarios were proposed and analyzed:
- Simple gas turbine cycle (GT)
- Combined cycle of gas and steam turbines (CCGT)
- Combined cycle of gas turbine and supercritical CO₂ (GT+sCO₂)
In this research, the three scenarios were also simulated at a conceptual level, and their feasibility was assessed using Aspen HYSYS v14 software.
The generated power for each process has been calculated as follows, based on an equal feed gas flow rate:
GT: 287 MW
Combined Cycle (GT + Steam turbine): 467 MW
Combined Cycle (GT+ Supercritical Co2): 600 MW
Modeling was performed using Questor 2023Q3, with project parameters calibrated to Caspian conditions. The economic results highlight strong potential in both prospects. Based on efficiency, project profitability, compact equipment footprint, and a faster break-even point, the supercritical CO₂ combined cycle scenario in prospect-B was selected as the most suitable option for implementation.
Net Present Value at 8% discount rate
prospect-A (GT:353 million USD; Combined Cycle-CCGT:1505 million USD; Combined Cycle-GT+sCo2:2392 million USD)
prospect-B(GT:-1241 million USD; Combined Cycle-CCGT:323 million USD; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂:1364 million USD)
Also, break-even points for these two structures is as follows:
prospect-A (GT:2043; Combined Cycle-CCGT:2036; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂: 2034)
prospect-B (GT: not available; Combined Cycle-CCGT:2040; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂:2048)
Room-temperature solid-state sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are increasingly recognized as a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion systems, owing to their inherent safety, cost-effectiveness, and extended cycle life. Despite these advantages, their practical deployment remains constrained by the limited conductivity of sulfur cathodes, large volumetric fluctuations during cycling, and the inadequate performance of existing solid electrolytes, particularly in terms of ionic transport and interfacial stability. To address these issues, this work introduces a novel composite solid electrolyte based on polyaniline (PANI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), engineered to combine high ionic conductivity with robust mechanical stability. A systematic investigation was carried out by varying the PANI-to-PEG ratios (10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, and 90:10) and incorporating different loadings of sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) salt (10%, 20%, and 30%).
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed that the 50:50 PANI–PEG electrolyte with 10% NaTFSI achieved the most favorable impedance performance (2400 Ω). Comprehensive characterization, including SEM, XRD, and XPS analyses, confirmed the structural and chemical integrity of the developed composites. When integrated into full coin cells (Na/PANI–PEG electrolyte/S-MWCNT), the materials exhibited stable cycling behavior and competitive specific capacities. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of PANI–PEG composites as solid electrolytes for Na–S systems, paving the way toward safer and more efficient energy storage technologies that align with global sustainability goals.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed that the 50:50 PANI–PEG electrolyte with 10% NaTFSI achieved the most favorable impedance performance (2400 Ω). Comprehensive characterization, including SEM, XRD, and XPS analyses, confirmed the structural and chemical integrity of the developed composites. When integrated into full coin cells (Na/PANI–PEG electrolyte/S-MWCNT), the materials exhibited stable cycling behavior and competitive specific capacities. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of PANI–PEG composites as solid electrolytes for Na–S systems, paving the way toward safer and more efficient energy storage technologies that align with global sustainability goals.
Background and motivation:
Hydrogen sulfide is a hazardous molecule naturally found in natural gas, biogas, and various industrial processes. Strict environmental regulations require over 99% sulfur recovery. To meet the stringent environmental regulations, the current industrial practice uses the Claus process to convert H2S to elemental sulfur and water. An alternative pathway is to convert H2S to sulfur and hydrogen. This transformation is important for protecting the environment and valuable hydrogen recovery. The challenges of working with H2S have limited our understanding of the catalytic H2S dissociation and consequently proper and rational catalyst development.
Materials and methods:
Computational design of new catalysts has recently accelerated the catalyst discovery process. We leverage the recent progress in computational catalysis and apply it to a challenging industrial process: H2S splitting to produce hydrogen. Throughout systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculations and detailed microkinetic modeling, the TOF of MoS2 was calculated and benchmarked against the experimental results of carefully synthesized and characterized catalysts. We also identify simple descriptors to screen transition metals, alloys, and metal sulfide catalysts quickly.
Results and discussion:
The results from our microkinetic model analysis indicate that the S-edge of 2 H-MoS2 with 1 ML sulfur coverage will perform better than the other investigated MoS2 surfaces. Moreover, the study shows that hydrogen coupling is the main controlling step in the reaction mechanism. Hence, different sulfides and dopants can be investigated and screened to reduce the hydrogen coupling and desorption barrier while maintaining a reasonable H2S decomposition barrier.
Co-author/s:
Zainab Alaithan, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Ali Almofleh, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Hassan Aljama, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Vijay K. Velisoju, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Hend O. Mohamed, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Gontzal Lezcano, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
ldar Mukhambetov, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Pedro Castaño, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Chemical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, KAUST.
Hydrogen sulfide is a hazardous molecule naturally found in natural gas, biogas, and various industrial processes. Strict environmental regulations require over 99% sulfur recovery. To meet the stringent environmental regulations, the current industrial practice uses the Claus process to convert H2S to elemental sulfur and water. An alternative pathway is to convert H2S to sulfur and hydrogen. This transformation is important for protecting the environment and valuable hydrogen recovery. The challenges of working with H2S have limited our understanding of the catalytic H2S dissociation and consequently proper and rational catalyst development.
Materials and methods:
Computational design of new catalysts has recently accelerated the catalyst discovery process. We leverage the recent progress in computational catalysis and apply it to a challenging industrial process: H2S splitting to produce hydrogen. Throughout systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculations and detailed microkinetic modeling, the TOF of MoS2 was calculated and benchmarked against the experimental results of carefully synthesized and characterized catalysts. We also identify simple descriptors to screen transition metals, alloys, and metal sulfide catalysts quickly.
Results and discussion:
The results from our microkinetic model analysis indicate that the S-edge of 2 H-MoS2 with 1 ML sulfur coverage will perform better than the other investigated MoS2 surfaces. Moreover, the study shows that hydrogen coupling is the main controlling step in the reaction mechanism. Hence, different sulfides and dopants can be investigated and screened to reduce the hydrogen coupling and desorption barrier while maintaining a reasonable H2S decomposition barrier.
Co-author/s:
Zainab Alaithan, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Ali Almofleh, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Hassan Aljama, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Vijay K. Velisoju, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Hend O. Mohamed, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Gontzal Lezcano, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
ldar Mukhambetov, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Pedro Castaño, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Chemical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, KAUST.
Solid-state sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are emerging as a promising, safer, and more sustainable alternative to conventional systems; however, challenges such as low ionic conductivity and interfacial instability at room temperature still hinder their practical application. In this work, a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) composed of polyaniline (PANI), gelatin, and sodium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) was developed and evaluated to address these issues. The effects of four different solvents—toluene, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), hexane, and tetrahydrofuran (THF)—on the structural and electrochemical properties of the electrolyte were systematically investigated.
Materials were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), while electrochemical performance was assessed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and battery cycling tests in both full and symmetric cell configurations. The toluene-based electrolyte exhibited superior performance, achieving an ionic conductivity of 4.64 × 10⁻⁴ S·cm⁻¹ and low impedance (~260 Ω) at room temperature. Full Na/S cells showed a total resistance of ~700 Ω and delivered a high initial specific capacity of ~750 mAh/g at 0.1 C. Symmetric Na/SPE/Na cells operated stably at 1 mA/cm² for over 90 hours, demonstrating excellent electrolyte stability and strong resistance to dendrite formation.
FTIR analysis confirmed successful interactions between PANI and gelatin, evidenced by characteristic peaks and an enhanced transmittance band near 2000 cm⁻¹. XRD patterns revealed sharp and well-defined peaks, indicating relatively high crystallinity. SEM/EDX confirmed uniform morphology and elemental distribution, and TGA demonstrated thermal stability up to 350 °C. These findings emphasize the crucial role of solvent selection in tailoring the structural and electrochemical behavior of polymer electrolytes. The developed PANI–gelatin–NaTFSI system shows strong potential as a safe and scalable solid electrolyte for room-temperature Na–S battery applications in energy storage systems.
Materials were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), while electrochemical performance was assessed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and battery cycling tests in both full and symmetric cell configurations. The toluene-based electrolyte exhibited superior performance, achieving an ionic conductivity of 4.64 × 10⁻⁴ S·cm⁻¹ and low impedance (~260 Ω) at room temperature. Full Na/S cells showed a total resistance of ~700 Ω and delivered a high initial specific capacity of ~750 mAh/g at 0.1 C. Symmetric Na/SPE/Na cells operated stably at 1 mA/cm² for over 90 hours, demonstrating excellent electrolyte stability and strong resistance to dendrite formation.
FTIR analysis confirmed successful interactions between PANI and gelatin, evidenced by characteristic peaks and an enhanced transmittance band near 2000 cm⁻¹. XRD patterns revealed sharp and well-defined peaks, indicating relatively high crystallinity. SEM/EDX confirmed uniform morphology and elemental distribution, and TGA demonstrated thermal stability up to 350 °C. These findings emphasize the crucial role of solvent selection in tailoring the structural and electrochemical behavior of polymer electrolytes. The developed PANI–gelatin–NaTFSI system shows strong potential as a safe and scalable solid electrolyte for room-temperature Na–S battery applications in energy storage systems.
Remote oilfield operations often rely on diesel generators for continuous power supply, which leads to high operational costs, frequent maintenance, and increased carbon emissions. As the oil and gas sector moves toward decarbonization and operational efficiency, integrating renewable energy into remote site infrastructure has become a growing priority. This paper presents a novel solar-diesel hybrid energy system with an intelligent power prioritization algorithm tailored for off-grid oilfield applications.
The proposed system integrates solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, battery storage, and a diesel generator, coordinated by a smart controller that dynamically prioritizes power sources based on real-time energy availability, load demand, and forecasted solar irradiance. Unlike traditional hybrid systems that use static or rule-based switching logic, the control algorithm uses a predictive model to optimize energy source selection with the goal of minimizing diesel runtime and maximizing renewable energy utilization without compromising system reliability.
At the core of this innovation is a multi-layer control logic that assesses:
Current and predicted PV generation based on irradiance and temperature, Battery state-of-charge and historical discharge patterns, Real-time and forecasted load profiles, and Diesel generator fuel efficiency at varying load levels.
This intelligent coordination ensures that solar energy is always used as the primary source, followed by battery storage when solar is insufficient, and finally diesel generation as a backup. The algorithm also considers operational constraints such as generator startup costs and battery degradation, optimizing both performance and lifespan of the system components.
Simulation results demonstrate significant reductions in diesel fuel consumption (up to 60%) and generator runtime, especially in high solar potential regions. The system is designed for easy integration with SCADA systems and remote monitoring tools commonly used in the oil industry. The paper also discusses scalability, fault-handling features, and potential for machine learning integration for future improvements.
This work provides a practical and intelligent solution for powering remote petroleum infrastructure sustainably, aligning with the global energy transition and carbon reduction goals promoted by the World Petroleum Congress.
Co-author/s:
Somaye Nazari, Researcher, Iranian Oil Pipelines and Telecommunication Company (IOPTC).
The proposed system integrates solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, battery storage, and a diesel generator, coordinated by a smart controller that dynamically prioritizes power sources based on real-time energy availability, load demand, and forecasted solar irradiance. Unlike traditional hybrid systems that use static or rule-based switching logic, the control algorithm uses a predictive model to optimize energy source selection with the goal of minimizing diesel runtime and maximizing renewable energy utilization without compromising system reliability.
At the core of this innovation is a multi-layer control logic that assesses:
Current and predicted PV generation based on irradiance and temperature, Battery state-of-charge and historical discharge patterns, Real-time and forecasted load profiles, and Diesel generator fuel efficiency at varying load levels.
This intelligent coordination ensures that solar energy is always used as the primary source, followed by battery storage when solar is insufficient, and finally diesel generation as a backup. The algorithm also considers operational constraints such as generator startup costs and battery degradation, optimizing both performance and lifespan of the system components.
Simulation results demonstrate significant reductions in diesel fuel consumption (up to 60%) and generator runtime, especially in high solar potential regions. The system is designed for easy integration with SCADA systems and remote monitoring tools commonly used in the oil industry. The paper also discusses scalability, fault-handling features, and potential for machine learning integration for future improvements.
This work provides a practical and intelligent solution for powering remote petroleum infrastructure sustainably, aligning with the global energy transition and carbon reduction goals promoted by the World Petroleum Congress.
Co-author/s:
Somaye Nazari, Researcher, Iranian Oil Pipelines and Telecommunication Company (IOPTC).
Considering the growing reliance on nonrenewable resources and the high costs associated with electrical energy production, developing more energy-efficient industrial processes has become essential. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), one of the most widely utilized cellulose derivatives globally, is traditionally produced through a two-step chemical process involving alkalization and etherification. This method typically requires large electric mixers operating for at least four hours, leading to significant energy consumption. This study explores the steep-pressing technique as a novel, non-electrical alternative for producing CMC, using varying mesh sizes of cellulose fibers within the same two-step chemical process. Comparative analyses of CMC produced through steep-pressing and mixing techniques were conducted. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was employed to characterize the functional structure of alpha cellulose and synthesized CMC. The ATR-FTIR spectra of CMC samples displayed distinct peaks at 1415 cm⁻¹ and 1500–1640 cm⁻¹, corresponding to –CH₂ scissoring and –COO⁻ groups, confirming the substitution of several –OH groups in cellulose with carboxymethyl groups. Light microscopy images of aqueous solution films validated the absence of water-insoluble cellulose fibers and acceptable etherification in steep-pressed samples. Degree of substitution (DS) and viscosity (measured via titration and a Brookfield viscometer) revealed optimal values of 0.92 (108.7 ± 0.8 cp) for steep-pressing and 1.08 (130.8 ± 1.4 cp) for mixing methods. Efficiency analyses showed production efficiencies of 162% for steep-pressing and 182.2% for mixing techniques. Despite comparable product quality between the methods, steep-pressing significantly reduced electrical energy consumption, offering a promising alternative for small-scale industries.
Co-author/s:
Marzieh Alidadi-Shamsabadi, Academic Staff, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Technical Centre, Academic Centre for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Isfahan University of Technology.
Co-author/s:
Marzieh Alidadi-Shamsabadi, Academic Staff, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Technical Centre, Academic Centre for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Isfahan University of Technology.
With the world heading towards a clean energy future, it is necessary that solar, wind, and nuclear power be incorporated into the already established oil and gas systems. This abstract discusses the collaboration of these alternative sources to help in meeting the energy demands in the world, as well as minimizing carbon emissions. Solar and wind are renewable and becoming cheaper every day, yet they are not always available. Alternatively, nuclear energy is predictable and reliable, and can be used to offset the net during the times when the sun is not shining or the wind is not blowing.
This paper will analyze how smart grid technologies, energy storage systems, and flexible policy frameworks are enabling the easy combination of these sources into a single energy strategy. Case studies of high penetration of renewables in the regions show that hybrid systems, including the case where the solar, wind, and nuclear supplement oil and gas, can enhance energy security, mitigate impact on the environment, and enhance grid stability and operations.
This integration does not concern oil and gas substitution in one day. It means a stronger and more diverse energy mix that sustains an increase in demand and promotes climate objectives. This paper aims to demonstrate how the two sources of energy can effectively co-exist with each other in order to create a sustainable future for all communities around the world by concentrating on practical solutions, proven technologies, and mutual planning.
The results can be applied to the energy planners and policy makers as well as the industry leaders, aiming at implementing the transition with confidence, clarity, and long-term vision.
This paper will analyze how smart grid technologies, energy storage systems, and flexible policy frameworks are enabling the easy combination of these sources into a single energy strategy. Case studies of high penetration of renewables in the regions show that hybrid systems, including the case where the solar, wind, and nuclear supplement oil and gas, can enhance energy security, mitigate impact on the environment, and enhance grid stability and operations.
This integration does not concern oil and gas substitution in one day. It means a stronger and more diverse energy mix that sustains an increase in demand and promotes climate objectives. This paper aims to demonstrate how the two sources of energy can effectively co-exist with each other in order to create a sustainable future for all communities around the world by concentrating on practical solutions, proven technologies, and mutual planning.
The results can be applied to the energy planners and policy makers as well as the industry leaders, aiming at implementing the transition with confidence, clarity, and long-term vision.
Room-temperature solid-state sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are increasingly recognized as a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion systems, owing to their inherent safety, cost-effectiveness, and extended cycle life. Despite these advantages, their practical deployment remains constrained by the limited conductivity of sulfur cathodes, large volumetric fluctuations during cycling, and the inadequate performance of existing solid electrolytes, particularly in terms of ionic transport and interfacial stability. To address these issues, this work introduces a novel composite solid electrolyte based on polyaniline (PANI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), engineered to combine high ionic conductivity with robust mechanical stability. A systematic investigation was carried out by varying the PANI-to-PEG ratios (10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, and 90:10) and incorporating different loadings of sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) salt (10%, 20%, and 30%).
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed that the 50:50 PANI–PEG electrolyte with 10% NaTFSI achieved the most favorable impedance performance (2400 Ω). Comprehensive characterization, including SEM, XRD, and XPS analyses, confirmed the structural and chemical integrity of the developed composites. When integrated into full coin cells (Na/PANI–PEG electrolyte/S-MWCNT), the materials exhibited stable cycling behavior and competitive specific capacities. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of PANI–PEG composites as solid electrolytes for Na–S systems, paving the way toward safer and more efficient energy storage technologies that align with global sustainability goals.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed that the 50:50 PANI–PEG electrolyte with 10% NaTFSI achieved the most favorable impedance performance (2400 Ω). Comprehensive characterization, including SEM, XRD, and XPS analyses, confirmed the structural and chemical integrity of the developed composites. When integrated into full coin cells (Na/PANI–PEG electrolyte/S-MWCNT), the materials exhibited stable cycling behavior and competitive specific capacities. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of PANI–PEG composites as solid electrolytes for Na–S systems, paving the way toward safer and more efficient energy storage technologies that align with global sustainability goals.
Solid-state sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are emerging as a promising, safer, and more sustainable alternative to conventional systems; however, challenges such as low ionic conductivity and interfacial instability at room temperature still hinder their practical application. In this work, a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) composed of polyaniline (PANI), gelatin, and sodium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) was developed and evaluated to address these issues. The effects of four different solvents—toluene, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), hexane, and tetrahydrofuran (THF)—on the structural and electrochemical properties of the electrolyte were systematically investigated.
Materials were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), while electrochemical performance was assessed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and battery cycling tests in both full and symmetric cell configurations. The toluene-based electrolyte exhibited superior performance, achieving an ionic conductivity of 4.64 × 10⁻⁴ S·cm⁻¹ and low impedance (~260 Ω) at room temperature. Full Na/S cells showed a total resistance of ~700 Ω and delivered a high initial specific capacity of ~750 mAh/g at 0.1 C. Symmetric Na/SPE/Na cells operated stably at 1 mA/cm² for over 90 hours, demonstrating excellent electrolyte stability and strong resistance to dendrite formation.
FTIR analysis confirmed successful interactions between PANI and gelatin, evidenced by characteristic peaks and an enhanced transmittance band near 2000 cm⁻¹. XRD patterns revealed sharp and well-defined peaks, indicating relatively high crystallinity. SEM/EDX confirmed uniform morphology and elemental distribution, and TGA demonstrated thermal stability up to 350 °C. These findings emphasize the crucial role of solvent selection in tailoring the structural and electrochemical behavior of polymer electrolytes. The developed PANI–gelatin–NaTFSI system shows strong potential as a safe and scalable solid electrolyte for room-temperature Na–S battery applications in energy storage systems.
Materials were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), while electrochemical performance was assessed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and battery cycling tests in both full and symmetric cell configurations. The toluene-based electrolyte exhibited superior performance, achieving an ionic conductivity of 4.64 × 10⁻⁴ S·cm⁻¹ and low impedance (~260 Ω) at room temperature. Full Na/S cells showed a total resistance of ~700 Ω and delivered a high initial specific capacity of ~750 mAh/g at 0.1 C. Symmetric Na/SPE/Na cells operated stably at 1 mA/cm² for over 90 hours, demonstrating excellent electrolyte stability and strong resistance to dendrite formation.
FTIR analysis confirmed successful interactions between PANI and gelatin, evidenced by characteristic peaks and an enhanced transmittance band near 2000 cm⁻¹. XRD patterns revealed sharp and well-defined peaks, indicating relatively high crystallinity. SEM/EDX confirmed uniform morphology and elemental distribution, and TGA demonstrated thermal stability up to 350 °C. These findings emphasize the crucial role of solvent selection in tailoring the structural and electrochemical behavior of polymer electrolytes. The developed PANI–gelatin–NaTFSI system shows strong potential as a safe and scalable solid electrolyte for room-temperature Na–S battery applications in energy storage systems.
Background and motivation:
Hydrogen sulfide is a hazardous molecule naturally found in natural gas, biogas, and various industrial processes. Strict environmental regulations require over 99% sulfur recovery. To meet the stringent environmental regulations, the current industrial practice uses the Claus process to convert H2S to elemental sulfur and water. An alternative pathway is to convert H2S to sulfur and hydrogen. This transformation is important for protecting the environment and valuable hydrogen recovery. The challenges of working with H2S have limited our understanding of the catalytic H2S dissociation and consequently proper and rational catalyst development.
Materials and methods:
Computational design of new catalysts has recently accelerated the catalyst discovery process. We leverage the recent progress in computational catalysis and apply it to a challenging industrial process: H2S splitting to produce hydrogen. Throughout systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculations and detailed microkinetic modeling, the TOF of MoS2 was calculated and benchmarked against the experimental results of carefully synthesized and characterized catalysts. We also identify simple descriptors to screen transition metals, alloys, and metal sulfide catalysts quickly.
Results and discussion:
The results from our microkinetic model analysis indicate that the S-edge of 2 H-MoS2 with 1 ML sulfur coverage will perform better than the other investigated MoS2 surfaces. Moreover, the study shows that hydrogen coupling is the main controlling step in the reaction mechanism. Hence, different sulfides and dopants can be investigated and screened to reduce the hydrogen coupling and desorption barrier while maintaining a reasonable H2S decomposition barrier.
Co-author/s:
Zainab Alaithan, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Ali Almofleh, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Hassan Aljama, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Vijay K. Velisoju, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Hend O. Mohamed, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Gontzal Lezcano, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
ldar Mukhambetov, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Pedro Castaño, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Chemical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, KAUST.
Hydrogen sulfide is a hazardous molecule naturally found in natural gas, biogas, and various industrial processes. Strict environmental regulations require over 99% sulfur recovery. To meet the stringent environmental regulations, the current industrial practice uses the Claus process to convert H2S to elemental sulfur and water. An alternative pathway is to convert H2S to sulfur and hydrogen. This transformation is important for protecting the environment and valuable hydrogen recovery. The challenges of working with H2S have limited our understanding of the catalytic H2S dissociation and consequently proper and rational catalyst development.
Materials and methods:
Computational design of new catalysts has recently accelerated the catalyst discovery process. We leverage the recent progress in computational catalysis and apply it to a challenging industrial process: H2S splitting to produce hydrogen. Throughout systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculations and detailed microkinetic modeling, the TOF of MoS2 was calculated and benchmarked against the experimental results of carefully synthesized and characterized catalysts. We also identify simple descriptors to screen transition metals, alloys, and metal sulfide catalysts quickly.
Results and discussion:
The results from our microkinetic model analysis indicate that the S-edge of 2 H-MoS2 with 1 ML sulfur coverage will perform better than the other investigated MoS2 surfaces. Moreover, the study shows that hydrogen coupling is the main controlling step in the reaction mechanism. Hence, different sulfides and dopants can be investigated and screened to reduce the hydrogen coupling and desorption barrier while maintaining a reasonable H2S decomposition barrier.
Co-author/s:
Zainab Alaithan, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Ali Almofleh, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Hassan Aljama, Research and Development Center, Dhahran.
Vijay K. Velisoju, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Hend O. Mohamed, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Gontzal Lezcano, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
ldar Mukhambetov, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Pedro Castaño, Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Chemical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, KAUST.
With the world heading towards a clean energy future, it is necessary that solar, wind, and nuclear power be incorporated into the already established oil and gas systems. This abstract discusses the collaboration of these alternative sources to help in meeting the energy demands in the world, as well as minimizing carbon emissions. Solar and wind are renewable and becoming cheaper every day, yet they are not always available. Alternatively, nuclear energy is predictable and reliable, and can be used to offset the net during the times when the sun is not shining or the wind is not blowing.
This paper will analyze how smart grid technologies, energy storage systems, and flexible policy frameworks are enabling the easy combination of these sources into a single energy strategy. Case studies of high penetration of renewables in the regions show that hybrid systems, including the case where the solar, wind, and nuclear supplement oil and gas, can enhance energy security, mitigate impact on the environment, and enhance grid stability and operations.
This integration does not concern oil and gas substitution in one day. It means a stronger and more diverse energy mix that sustains an increase in demand and promotes climate objectives. This paper aims to demonstrate how the two sources of energy can effectively co-exist with each other in order to create a sustainable future for all communities around the world by concentrating on practical solutions, proven technologies, and mutual planning.
The results can be applied to the energy planners and policy makers as well as the industry leaders, aiming at implementing the transition with confidence, clarity, and long-term vision.
This paper will analyze how smart grid technologies, energy storage systems, and flexible policy frameworks are enabling the easy combination of these sources into a single energy strategy. Case studies of high penetration of renewables in the regions show that hybrid systems, including the case where the solar, wind, and nuclear supplement oil and gas, can enhance energy security, mitigate impact on the environment, and enhance grid stability and operations.
This integration does not concern oil and gas substitution in one day. It means a stronger and more diverse energy mix that sustains an increase in demand and promotes climate objectives. This paper aims to demonstrate how the two sources of energy can effectively co-exist with each other in order to create a sustainable future for all communities around the world by concentrating on practical solutions, proven technologies, and mutual planning.
The results can be applied to the energy planners and policy makers as well as the industry leaders, aiming at implementing the transition with confidence, clarity, and long-term vision.
Behrooz Golestani Khalilabad
Speaker
Reservoir Engineering Expert
Khazar Exploration and Production Company
Environmental degradation in the Middle East is worsening due to global warming, reduced rainfall, and ecosystem loss. The Caspian Sea, with its sensitive southern coastline and Hyrcanian forests, faces increasing threats. Pollution from thermal power plants, combined with vegetation destruction during facility construction, underscores the urgent need for sustainable and environmentally responsible alternative energy strategies. َAlso, the Caspian Sea is recognized as a basin with abundant hydrocarbon resources. Several international working groups such as the South Caspian Study Group (including Shell, Lazmo, and Veba) and the Strategic Master Development Plan have identified prospective offshore gas structures in the South Caspian, primarily in deepwater areas. Two key examples are a nearshore prospect (A), located 22km from the coast , and a far-offshore prospect (B), 120km from the coast.
This study evaluates the economic feasibility of a novel offshore gas-to-power scheme. In this approach, gas and condensate are produced from deepwater reservoirs and processed on a floating production, storage, and offloading unit. Unlike conventional methods where products are piped onshore and combusted in ground-based thermal plants, in this approach the produced gas is processed offshore and utilized in advanced power cycles on board a VLCC-class FPSO. The generated electricity is transmitted to shore via High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) or High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) transmission cables, depending on the distance to the coast.
Three FPSO-based power generation scenarios were proposed and analyzed:
In this research, the three scenarios were also simulated at a conceptual level, and their feasibility was assessed using Aspen HYSYS v14 software.
The generated power for each process has been calculated as follows, based on an equal feed gas flow rate:
GT: 287 MW
Combined Cycle (GT + Steam turbine): 467 MW
Combined Cycle (GT+ Supercritical Co2): 600 MW
Modeling was performed using Questor 2023Q3, with project parameters calibrated to Caspian conditions. The economic results highlight strong potential in both prospects. Based on efficiency, project profitability, compact equipment footprint, and a faster break-even point, the supercritical CO₂ combined cycle scenario in prospect-B was selected as the most suitable option for implementation.
Net Present Value at 8% discount rate
prospect-A (GT:353 million USD; Combined Cycle-CCGT:1505 million USD; Combined Cycle-GT+sCo2:2392 million USD)
prospect-B(GT:-1241 million USD; Combined Cycle-CCGT:323 million USD; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂:1364 million USD)
Also, break-even points for these two structures is as follows:
prospect-A (GT:2043; Combined Cycle-CCGT:2036; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂: 2034)
prospect-B (GT: not available; Combined Cycle-CCGT:2040; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂:2048)
This study evaluates the economic feasibility of a novel offshore gas-to-power scheme. In this approach, gas and condensate are produced from deepwater reservoirs and processed on a floating production, storage, and offloading unit. Unlike conventional methods where products are piped onshore and combusted in ground-based thermal plants, in this approach the produced gas is processed offshore and utilized in advanced power cycles on board a VLCC-class FPSO. The generated electricity is transmitted to shore via High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) or High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) transmission cables, depending on the distance to the coast.
Three FPSO-based power generation scenarios were proposed and analyzed:
- Simple gas turbine cycle (GT)
- Combined cycle of gas and steam turbines (CCGT)
- Combined cycle of gas turbine and supercritical CO₂ (GT+sCO₂)
In this research, the three scenarios were also simulated at a conceptual level, and their feasibility was assessed using Aspen HYSYS v14 software.
The generated power for each process has been calculated as follows, based on an equal feed gas flow rate:
GT: 287 MW
Combined Cycle (GT + Steam turbine): 467 MW
Combined Cycle (GT+ Supercritical Co2): 600 MW
Modeling was performed using Questor 2023Q3, with project parameters calibrated to Caspian conditions. The economic results highlight strong potential in both prospects. Based on efficiency, project profitability, compact equipment footprint, and a faster break-even point, the supercritical CO₂ combined cycle scenario in prospect-B was selected as the most suitable option for implementation.
Net Present Value at 8% discount rate
prospect-A (GT:353 million USD; Combined Cycle-CCGT:1505 million USD; Combined Cycle-GT+sCo2:2392 million USD)
prospect-B(GT:-1241 million USD; Combined Cycle-CCGT:323 million USD; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂:1364 million USD)
Also, break-even points for these two structures is as follows:
prospect-A (GT:2043; Combined Cycle-CCGT:2036; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂: 2034)
prospect-B (GT: not available; Combined Cycle-CCGT:2040; Combined Cycle-GT+sCO₂:2048)
In alignment with global energy transition trends and Iran’s national strategy to diversify its energy portfolio beyond its heavy reliance on natural gas (~85% for power generation), this study presents a comprehensive techno-economic feasibility analysis for the development of a utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) plant by Nouri Petrochemical Company, a major entity in Iran’s oil and gas sector. The project explores the viability of establishing a 100 MW or 200 MW solar facility as a strategic move towards sustainable energy management, operational resilience, and corporate social responsibility.
The methodology involved a multi-faceted approach. A rigorous site selection process was conducted using a weighted multi-criteria analysis, evaluating geographical, climatic, and infrastructural parameters across several candidate locations, ultimately identifying the Khor region in Lar, Fars province, as the optimal site due to its high Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), land availability, and proximity to grid infrastructure. Technical performance was simulated using PVSyst software, projecting the net energy injection to the grid for both 100 MW and 200 MW capacities.
Financial viability was meticulously modeled using COMFAR III Expert software under three distinct scenarios, with the most realistic model incorporating a hybrid of foreign currency (Euro) for imported equipment (panels, inverters) and local currency (Rial) for domestic costs and revenues. Revenue streams were based on selling electricity on the Iran Energy Exchange’s (IRENEX) Green Electricity Board, a market-based mechanism that de-risks investment.
The results confirm the project’s robust financial attractiveness. The optimal configuration—a 200 MW plant in the Khor region—yields an exceptional Internal Rate of Return on Equity (IRRE) of 61.26% and a Net Present Value (NPV) of approximately 20.6 trillion IRR, with a discounted payback period of just over 4 years, inclusive of the two-year construction phase. A key enabler for this strong performance is a policy allowing the use of the company’s export-generated foreign currency to procure equipment, significantly optimizing capital expenditure. Beyond financial returns, the 200 MW plant is projected to save 110 million liters of fossil fuels annually and create approximately 250 direct and indirect jobs.
This study concludes that integrating large-scale solar PV generation is not only technically feasible but also a highly profitable and strategic investment for actors in the fossil fuel industry. It serves as a replicable model for leveraging corporate financial strength and export capabilities to accelerate the energy transition, enhance national energy security, and achieve significant environmental and social co-benefits.
Co-author/s:
Hamid Rajaei, Head of product development, Technology and Innovation Department, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
Sajjad Keshavarz, Head of localization and new technologies, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
Dr. Sayyed Hamid Esmaeili-Faraj, Development Researcher, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
The methodology involved a multi-faceted approach. A rigorous site selection process was conducted using a weighted multi-criteria analysis, evaluating geographical, climatic, and infrastructural parameters across several candidate locations, ultimately identifying the Khor region in Lar, Fars province, as the optimal site due to its high Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), land availability, and proximity to grid infrastructure. Technical performance was simulated using PVSyst software, projecting the net energy injection to the grid for both 100 MW and 200 MW capacities.
Financial viability was meticulously modeled using COMFAR III Expert software under three distinct scenarios, with the most realistic model incorporating a hybrid of foreign currency (Euro) for imported equipment (panels, inverters) and local currency (Rial) for domestic costs and revenues. Revenue streams were based on selling electricity on the Iran Energy Exchange’s (IRENEX) Green Electricity Board, a market-based mechanism that de-risks investment.
The results confirm the project’s robust financial attractiveness. The optimal configuration—a 200 MW plant in the Khor region—yields an exceptional Internal Rate of Return on Equity (IRRE) of 61.26% and a Net Present Value (NPV) of approximately 20.6 trillion IRR, with a discounted payback period of just over 4 years, inclusive of the two-year construction phase. A key enabler for this strong performance is a policy allowing the use of the company’s export-generated foreign currency to procure equipment, significantly optimizing capital expenditure. Beyond financial returns, the 200 MW plant is projected to save 110 million liters of fossil fuels annually and create approximately 250 direct and indirect jobs.
This study concludes that integrating large-scale solar PV generation is not only technically feasible but also a highly profitable and strategic investment for actors in the fossil fuel industry. It serves as a replicable model for leveraging corporate financial strength and export capabilities to accelerate the energy transition, enhance national energy security, and achieve significant environmental and social co-benefits.
Co-author/s:
Hamid Rajaei, Head of product development, Technology and Innovation Department, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
Sajjad Keshavarz, Head of localization and new technologies, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
Dr. Sayyed Hamid Esmaeili-Faraj, Development Researcher, Nouri Petrochemical Company.
Mostafa Rahimnejad
Speaker
Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions necessitates innovative approaches to waste management and energy generation. This abstract presents the application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a transformative technology for producing renewable energy while treating oil and petrochemical wastewater. MFCs harness the metabolic processes of microorganisms to convert organic pollutants into electricity, effectively addressing the dual challenge of wastewater treatment and renewable energy generation. This study highlights the technical advancements in MFC design, including innovations in electrode materials and microbial consortia selection that enhance energy output and degradation efficiency of complex petrochemical compounds. Moreover, this session will explore the economic viability of integrating MFCs into existing wastewater management systems, emphasizing their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional energy production methods. By optimizing feedstock utilization through MFCs, we can transition towards a more sustainable energy paradigm that not only mitigates environmental impacts but also enhances resource recovery from industrial operations. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary research in advancing biofuel technologies and promoting the adoption of microbial fuel cells as a key player in the renewable energy landscape.
We utilized a dual-chambered MFC equipped with a photosynthetic cathode that features innovative photocatalytic surfaces aimed at optimizing light absorption and boosting microbial activity. Our experiments explored different light exposure conditions, including continuous illumination and alternating light/dark cycles, to assess their impact on power generation and wastewater treatment efficiency. Initial results reveal a significant increase in maximum power density, showing up to a 30% improvement compared to conventional MFC designs, which can be linked to enhanced oxygen production from the photocatalytic processes.
We utilized a dual-chambered MFC equipped with a photosynthetic cathode that features innovative photocatalytic surfaces aimed at optimizing light absorption and boosting microbial activity. Our experiments explored different light exposure conditions, including continuous illumination and alternating light/dark cycles, to assess their impact on power generation and wastewater treatment efficiency. Initial results reveal a significant increase in maximum power density, showing up to a 30% improvement compared to conventional MFC designs, which can be linked to enhanced oxygen production from the photocatalytic processes.
Shirin Shokoohi
Speaker
Academic Staff
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
Considering the growing reliance on nonrenewable resources and the high costs associated with electrical energy production, developing more energy-efficient industrial processes has become essential. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), one of the most widely utilized cellulose derivatives globally, is traditionally produced through a two-step chemical process involving alkalization and etherification. This method typically requires large electric mixers operating for at least four hours, leading to significant energy consumption. This study explores the steep-pressing technique as a novel, non-electrical alternative for producing CMC, using varying mesh sizes of cellulose fibers within the same two-step chemical process. Comparative analyses of CMC produced through steep-pressing and mixing techniques were conducted. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was employed to characterize the functional structure of alpha cellulose and synthesized CMC. The ATR-FTIR spectra of CMC samples displayed distinct peaks at 1415 cm⁻¹ and 1500–1640 cm⁻¹, corresponding to –CH₂ scissoring and –COO⁻ groups, confirming the substitution of several –OH groups in cellulose with carboxymethyl groups. Light microscopy images of aqueous solution films validated the absence of water-insoluble cellulose fibers and acceptable etherification in steep-pressed samples. Degree of substitution (DS) and viscosity (measured via titration and a Brookfield viscometer) revealed optimal values of 0.92 (108.7 ± 0.8 cp) for steep-pressing and 1.08 (130.8 ± 1.4 cp) for mixing methods. Efficiency analyses showed production efficiencies of 162% for steep-pressing and 182.2% for mixing techniques. Despite comparable product quality between the methods, steep-pressing significantly reduced electrical energy consumption, offering a promising alternative for small-scale industries.
Co-author/s:
Marzieh Alidadi-Shamsabadi, Academic Staff, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Technical Centre, Academic Centre for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Isfahan University of Technology.
Co-author/s:
Marzieh Alidadi-Shamsabadi, Academic Staff, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Technical Centre, Academic Centre for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Isfahan University of Technology.
Shoresh Shokoohi
Speaker
Executive Director of Sanandaj Oil Pipelines and Telecommunication Terminal Facilities
Iranian Oil Pipelines and Telecommunication Company (IOPTC)
Remote oilfield operations often rely on diesel generators for continuous power supply, which leads to high operational costs, frequent maintenance, and increased carbon emissions. As the oil and gas sector moves toward decarbonization and operational efficiency, integrating renewable energy into remote site infrastructure has become a growing priority. This paper presents a novel solar-diesel hybrid energy system with an intelligent power prioritization algorithm tailored for off-grid oilfield applications.
The proposed system integrates solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, battery storage, and a diesel generator, coordinated by a smart controller that dynamically prioritizes power sources based on real-time energy availability, load demand, and forecasted solar irradiance. Unlike traditional hybrid systems that use static or rule-based switching logic, the control algorithm uses a predictive model to optimize energy source selection with the goal of minimizing diesel runtime and maximizing renewable energy utilization without compromising system reliability.
At the core of this innovation is a multi-layer control logic that assesses:
Current and predicted PV generation based on irradiance and temperature, Battery state-of-charge and historical discharge patterns, Real-time and forecasted load profiles, and Diesel generator fuel efficiency at varying load levels.
This intelligent coordination ensures that solar energy is always used as the primary source, followed by battery storage when solar is insufficient, and finally diesel generation as a backup. The algorithm also considers operational constraints such as generator startup costs and battery degradation, optimizing both performance and lifespan of the system components.
Simulation results demonstrate significant reductions in diesel fuel consumption (up to 60%) and generator runtime, especially in high solar potential regions. The system is designed for easy integration with SCADA systems and remote monitoring tools commonly used in the oil industry. The paper also discusses scalability, fault-handling features, and potential for machine learning integration for future improvements.
This work provides a practical and intelligent solution for powering remote petroleum infrastructure sustainably, aligning with the global energy transition and carbon reduction goals promoted by the World Petroleum Congress.
Co-author/s:
Somaye Nazari, Researcher, Iranian Oil Pipelines and Telecommunication Company (IOPTC).
The proposed system integrates solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, battery storage, and a diesel generator, coordinated by a smart controller that dynamically prioritizes power sources based on real-time energy availability, load demand, and forecasted solar irradiance. Unlike traditional hybrid systems that use static or rule-based switching logic, the control algorithm uses a predictive model to optimize energy source selection with the goal of minimizing diesel runtime and maximizing renewable energy utilization without compromising system reliability.
At the core of this innovation is a multi-layer control logic that assesses:
Current and predicted PV generation based on irradiance and temperature, Battery state-of-charge and historical discharge patterns, Real-time and forecasted load profiles, and Diesel generator fuel efficiency at varying load levels.
This intelligent coordination ensures that solar energy is always used as the primary source, followed by battery storage when solar is insufficient, and finally diesel generation as a backup. The algorithm also considers operational constraints such as generator startup costs and battery degradation, optimizing both performance and lifespan of the system components.
Simulation results demonstrate significant reductions in diesel fuel consumption (up to 60%) and generator runtime, especially in high solar potential regions. The system is designed for easy integration with SCADA systems and remote monitoring tools commonly used in the oil industry. The paper also discusses scalability, fault-handling features, and potential for machine learning integration for future improvements.
This work provides a practical and intelligent solution for powering remote petroleum infrastructure sustainably, aligning with the global energy transition and carbon reduction goals promoted by the World Petroleum Congress.
Co-author/s:
Somaye Nazari, Researcher, Iranian Oil Pipelines and Telecommunication Company (IOPTC).
Xiaoqi Wang
Speaker
Senior Expert for Advanced Materials
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC
In response to the growing demand for high-power, low-temperature tolerant, long-life, and high-safety electrochemical energy storage systems at oilfield well sites in the oil and gas industry, this research explores novel distributed electrochemical energy storage technologies. In the field of lithium titanate (LTO) batteries, internationally advanced high-performance LTO anode materials have been developed. Pilot-scale production of independently developed LTO materials was successfully completed, leading to the manufacture of two types of LTO cells (18650 and 60138 models). Based on these LTO cells and corresponding module products, a 100 kWh skid-mounted energy storage container was developed. A multi-hundred-kilowatt-hour-level energy storage system was deployed to demonstrate photovoltaic energy storage for oilfield power consumption, significantly increasing the renewable energy penetration rate. In the area of aqueous zinc-ion batteries, high-energy and high-power-density cathode materials were developed. A gradient fluorinated alloy 3D framework coating technology was established, greatly enhancing the cycling stability of the zinc anode, with performance reaching internationally advanced levels. Pilot-scale amplification using industrial-grade raw materials was carried out, producing highly stable aqueous zinc-based battery cells. A 100 kWh containerized system was integrated and deployed in an oilfield, representing China’s first demonstration of an aqueous zinc-based energy storage system. For sodium-ion batteries, a high-voltage, long-life NCMT-Mg cathode material was developed, along with a carbon-free anode material exhibiting extended cycle life and world-class performance. Pilot-scale production of the cathode material via a physical method was completed, and a full manufacturing process for sodium-ion battery cells was established. A multi-hundred-kilowatt-hour sodium-ion battery energy storage system was integrated and deployed at Yumen Oilfield for high-altitude low-temperature demonstration applications. Additionally, in the area of oilfield microgrid equipment and energy management software, a controller suitable for oilfield smart microgrids was developed, alongside intelligent microgrid scheduling algorithms and software. A demonstration project of a smart microgrid integrating multiple energy sources and loads was successfully implemented in an oilfield.
Co-author/s:
Shengchi Bai, Senior Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Kang Wang, Senior Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Rui Yang, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Wen Wen, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Yiheng Li, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Lin Zhang, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Co-author/s:
Shengchi Bai, Senior Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Kang Wang, Senior Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Rui Yang, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Wen Wen, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Yiheng Li, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
Lin Zhang, Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC.
