Abbas Ahmadi

Climate change brought about by anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a pressing global issue. Given that it has a high degree of energy intensity, the petroleum, natural gas, and petrochemical industries are emitters and constitute some of the large sources of this issue, and as such, accurate, consistent, and real-time GHG emissions measurements would be required to be in compliance with environmental policies and be capable of reacting to emerging measures like carbon taxation. This paper proposes a conceptual model of a real-time Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) system using an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. The proposed system is intended to measure emissions from petrochemical plants through sensor-based data collection and automatic data processing. Its primary goal is to enhance data accuracy, minimize uncertainty, and comply with international standards such as ISO 14064 and the GHG Protocol. In contrast to conventional manual reporting practices, this IoT-based MRV system facilitates real-time monitoring and systematic recording of CO₂ emissions. The system incorporates a structured Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QC/QA) program to ensure data precision, completeness, and integrity. Quality Control procedures involve real-time verification of raw sensor data, anomaly detection, recording of known issues, and implementation of traceable storage procedures for data. Quality Assurance involves the implementation of regular system audits by independent reviewers, verification of procedures utilized, and creation of standard operating procedures to provide consistency and transparency. Such procedures reduce measurement errors and increase the reliability of emission reporting for regulatory as well as internal stakeholders. By increasing data transparency and reporting reliability, such an MRV framework can assist in strategic decision-making and even lower carbon-related financial obligations. Offering accurate real-time emissions data enables industries to engage proactively with carbon pricing mechanisms, such as preparing for tax repercussions and optimizing mitigation measures. This research meets the WPC 2026 theme "Pathways to an Energy Future for All," by demonstrating a digital approach to sustainable emissions management from high-emitting sectors (e.g., gas flaring). Pilot implementation, simulation, and collaboration with industry stakeholders are planned for subsequent phases.

Co-author/s:

Tahereh Hematiyan, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic).

Zadeh Mohebi, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic).