Andika Perbawa
Geologist
Aramco
I am a geoscientist with over 8 years of experience. Currently, I work at EXPEC ARC, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, KSA. I hold a PhD in Earth Science and Engineering from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. My specialties include seismic interpretation, geomodeling, experimental rock physics, and software development.
Participates in
TECHNICAL PROGRAMME | Energy Technologies
GHG Emissions (Scope 1&2) Abatement (CO2, Methane) - Detection; CO2 Capture; CCUS; DAC; Carbon Products
Forum 20 | Digital Poster Plaza 4
28
April
12:30
14:30
UTC+3
Injecting CO₂ into geological formations offers a promising route to store large‑scale emissions, but monitoring CO₂ flooding in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs remains difficult yet vital for ensuring storage security and preventing leakage. This study presents an integrated workflow that combines high‑resolution outcrop‑based reservoir modeling, multi‑scenario CO₂ flood simulations, and 4D seismic analysis to track the CO₂ saturation front and evaluate reservoir performance.
Carbonate outcrops serve as analogs for subsurface reservoirs. Detailed mapping of lithologic layers and facies enabled the construction of a 4 × 6 km three‑dimensional sector model equipped with flank injectors and crestal water producers. The model incorporates porosity, permeability, velocity, and density data collected from published literature and in‑house (KAUST) laboratory measurements. Supercritical CO₂ flood simulations were run under two end‑member boundary conditions: (1) closed boundaries representing an isolated system with no connected aquifer; and (2) open boundaries allowing fluid flow outside the model. Elastic properties were updated iteratively over a 50‑year injection period to generate inputs for time‐lapse (4D) seismic modeling. Seismic attribute analysis was then employed to monitor the advancing CO₂ front and detect zones of partial fluid saturation.
The outcrop exhibits meter‑scale lateral facies heterogeneity, with alternating limestone and dolomite beds. Inspired by these field observations, we generated the reservoir model and incorporated subsurface petrophysical data into it. In closed‑boundary scenarios, stromatoporoid‐rich and grainy facies dominate flow pathways, producing an uneven CO₂ front; open boundaries yield a more uniform advance. After 50 years of injection the CO₂ reaches producer wells faster under closed conditions due to stronger injector–producer pressure gradients. Temporal changes in CO₂ saturation alter P- and S-wave velocities, generating amplitude variations in the 4D seismic cubes. RMS amplitudes extracted from the top of the reservoir delineate saturation patterns even at low concentrations; however, small amplitude anomalies are highly susceptible to noise.
Overall this work delivers a realistic high‑resolution carbonate reservoir model together with a comprehensive workflow that illuminates supercritical CO₂ migration pathways. By integrating field analog observations, laboratory measurements, numerical modeling, and seismic simulation we capture multi‑scale heterogeneities critical for monitoring outcomes. The presented approach can serve as a predictive tool for calibrating field‐scale observations during CO₂ flooding projects and as an assurance framework for carbon sequestration initiatives.
Co-author/s:
Billal Aslam, Student, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.
Gaurav Gairola, Geologist, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.
Carbonate outcrops serve as analogs for subsurface reservoirs. Detailed mapping of lithologic layers and facies enabled the construction of a 4 × 6 km three‑dimensional sector model equipped with flank injectors and crestal water producers. The model incorporates porosity, permeability, velocity, and density data collected from published literature and in‑house (KAUST) laboratory measurements. Supercritical CO₂ flood simulations were run under two end‑member boundary conditions: (1) closed boundaries representing an isolated system with no connected aquifer; and (2) open boundaries allowing fluid flow outside the model. Elastic properties were updated iteratively over a 50‑year injection period to generate inputs for time‐lapse (4D) seismic modeling. Seismic attribute analysis was then employed to monitor the advancing CO₂ front and detect zones of partial fluid saturation.
The outcrop exhibits meter‑scale lateral facies heterogeneity, with alternating limestone and dolomite beds. Inspired by these field observations, we generated the reservoir model and incorporated subsurface petrophysical data into it. In closed‑boundary scenarios, stromatoporoid‐rich and grainy facies dominate flow pathways, producing an uneven CO₂ front; open boundaries yield a more uniform advance. After 50 years of injection the CO₂ reaches producer wells faster under closed conditions due to stronger injector–producer pressure gradients. Temporal changes in CO₂ saturation alter P- and S-wave velocities, generating amplitude variations in the 4D seismic cubes. RMS amplitudes extracted from the top of the reservoir delineate saturation patterns even at low concentrations; however, small amplitude anomalies are highly susceptible to noise.
Overall this work delivers a realistic high‑resolution carbonate reservoir model together with a comprehensive workflow that illuminates supercritical CO₂ migration pathways. By integrating field analog observations, laboratory measurements, numerical modeling, and seismic simulation we capture multi‑scale heterogeneities critical for monitoring outcomes. The presented approach can serve as a predictive tool for calibrating field‐scale observations during CO₂ flooding projects and as an assurance framework for carbon sequestration initiatives.
Co-author/s:
Billal Aslam, Student, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.
Gaurav Gairola, Geologist, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.
